Dig50,
The chain picth is the distance between 3 links. A quick look at the EK chain site to refresh my memory shows, that all "500 series" chains have the same picth 15.875mm, but the width shall vary.
A 525 chain will have a picth of 15.875 and a width of 7.94mm, while a 530 chain will have pitch of 15.875 and a width of 9.53mm.
Now the width is to the inside of the chain between the end plates, so if you have an o-ring or x-ring chain the outside width will vary.
When you are changing sprockets, it is best to do when you need everything is worn. It best practise to replace both sprockets and the chain at the same time, to prevent any extra wear.
Also, if you want to drop a tooth on your front sprocket, consider going up on the rear instead. This will help with any premature wear as the chain does not have to rotate around a smaller diamter on the front sprocket. A 45T-46T rear sprocket would be about the same as a dropping to a 18T front.
Sorry for the length, but hope that helps