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There are several possibilities.
1) The battery at rest my have 12 volts but not supply any current, This is best checked by using jump leads from a good battery next time it fails to start.
2) The cables may be corroded or loose where they connect to the battery, solenoids or earth. Clean all the connections and after tightening smear battery terminal grease on the joints.
An indication of the above two possibilities is solenoid rattle. It will engage at first but when the starter draws current it drops out. Once the circuit is broken there is sufficient current to re-engage the solenoid etc
3) The solenoid itself may be faulty, When bypassing the solenoid terminals to test take care because a good battery charge can cause the shunt to get very hot.
I dont know if there are any brushes in the starter but if not the starter is unlikely to give intermittent problems with an internal short.
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